Hip Replacement Surgery
What is Hip Replacement Surgery?
During hip replacement, a surgeon removes the damaged sections of the hip joint and replaces them with parts usually constructed of metal, ceramic and very hard plastic. This artificial joint (prosthesis) helps reduce pain and improve function.
Hip joint replacement surgery is a medical procedure in which the surgeon replaces a painful hip joint with an artificial joint made of metal and plastic components. It is usually performed when all other treatment options have failed to relieve the patient of the pain experienced. We have one of the best multidisciplinary teams who have years of experience in treating patients with hip-related issues and giving them the best combination of treatments depending on their condition making us one of the top hospitals in India.”
Types of Hip Replacement Surgery
The three major types of hip replacement are
- Total hip replacement
- Partial hip replacement
Total Hip Replacement Surgery
A total hip replacement (also called total hip arthroplasty), the damaged bone and cartilage is removed and replaced with prosthetic components.
- The damaged femoral head is removed and replaced with a metal stem that is placed into the hollow center of the femur. The femoral stem may be either cemented or “press fit” into the bone.
- A metal or ceramic ball is placed on the upper part of the stem. This ball replaces the damaged femoral head that was removed.
- The damaged cartilage surface of the socket (acetabulum) is removed and replaced with a metal socket. Screws or cement are sometimes used to hold the socket in place.
- A plastic, ceramic, or metal spacer is inserted between the new ball and the socket to allow for a smooth gliding surface.
Partial Hip Replacement Surgery
If you’ve fallen or had an injury that resulted in a hip fracture, hip replacement surgery may be in your future. Whether you need partial or total hip replacement surgery to treat a diseased or damaged hip depends on the type and extent of your injury or condition.
orthopedic surgeons perform partial hip replacement, technically known as hemiarthroplasty, almost exclusively when the ball-like head of the thighbone (the femoral head) has been fractured or traumatically injured. The procedure replaces the femoral head with a prosthetic implant made of a strong polished metal or ceramic material. The original cup of the hip socket, known as the acetabulum, remains intact.
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Conditions
Conditions that can damage the hip joint, sometimes making hip replacement surgery necessary, include:
- Osteoarthritis. Commonly known as wear-and-tear arthritis, osteoarthritis damages the slick cartilage that covers the ends of bones and helps joints move smoothly.
- Rheumatoid arthritis. Caused by an overactive immune system, rheumatoid arthritis produces a type of inflammation that can erode cartilage and occasionally underlying bone, resulting in damaged and deformed joints.
- Osteonecrosis. If there isn’t enough blood supplied to the ball portion of the hip joint, such as might result from a dislocation or fracture, the bone might collapse and deform.
Benefits of Hip Replacement Surgery
Are you considering hip replacement surgery? If you’re experiencing any signs that you might need a hip replacement, here are a few potential benefits of hip replacement surgery that you might want to discuss with your doctor.
1. Relief of Pain
One of the main symptoms you may experience before your hip replacement surgery is pain in the hip area. Reducing hip pain is also one of the top benefits of receiving a hip replacement; almost all patients experience complete (or near-complete) relief from arthritic hip pain1.
2. Improving your Quality of Life
Enjoying life is important and living with pain can steal the joy out of your everyday life. The pain in your hip can limit your ability to participate in the day-to-day activities that you love. A hip replacement will allow you to participate in everyday activities without the limits on your mobility. With the ability to participate in activities, you will regain your independence and get back to enjoying life
3. Improved Mobility
Hip replacement surgery removes the damaged sections of your hip joint and replaces them with prosthetic parts, and this artificial joint helps reduce pain and improve function. After your hip replacement, you should be able to walk without restraint. In addition, other activities that are difficult with osteoarthritis, such as walking upstairs, putting on socks, and standing up from a chair, will be easier to complete after receiving this surgery.
4. Relief for Caregivers and Family Members
Do you have family members or caregivers assisting you with everyday activities? After a hip replacement, daily life activities will be easier; this will relieve caregivers and allow them more free time. After you recover from hip replacement surgery, your family members should experience a reduction in their stress levels.
5. Long-term Health Benefits
According to a study presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in 2013, receiving a total hip replacement is associated with reduced mortality, heart failure, diabetes and depression rates in Medicare patients with osteoarthritis. At three to seven years following surgery, there was a consistently reduced risk of heart failure. At one and three years, postoperative hip replacement patients had a reduced risk of diabetes. Starting at three years, postoperative hip replacement patients had a reduced rate of depression.
6. Peace of Mind
Although a hip replacement may temporarily limit your mobility, artificial hip joints are typically projected to last between ten to twenty years without loosening 5. A hip replacement can also prevent unforeseen wounds and injuries from occurring in the future 5. Evidence shows that 80-85% of hip replacements are still effective 20 years postoperatively.
These are a few main benefits of receiving a hip replacement. It’s important to note that several factors can affect the individual experience before, during or after surgery. Some of those factors include, but aren’t limited to, sex, age and health.
Hip Implant Types
There are currently four types of total hip replacement devices available with different bearing surfaces. These are
Metal-on-Polyethylene The ball is made of metal and the socket is made of plastic (polyethylene) or has a plastic lining.
Ceramic-on-Polyethylene The ball is made of ceramic and the socket is made of plastic (polyethylene) or has a plastic lining.
Ceramic-on-Ceramic The ball is made of ceramic and the socket has a ceramic lining.
Ceramic-on-Metal The ball is made of ceramic and the socket has a metal lining.
Risks or Complications
- Blood clots. Clots can form in the leg veins after surgery. This can be dangerous because a piece of a clot can break off and travel to the lung, heart or, rarely, the brain. Blood-thinning medications can reduce this risk.
- Infection. Infections can occur at the site of the incision and in the deeper tissue near the new hip. Most infections are treated with antibiotics, but a major infection near the new hip might require surgery to remove and replace the artificial parts.
- Fracture. During surgery, healthy portions of the hip joint might fracture. Sometimes the fractures are small enough to heal on their own, but larger fractures might need to be stabilized with wires, screws, and possibly a metal plate or bone grafts.
- Dislocation. Certain positions can cause the ball of the new joint to come out of the socket, particularly in the first few months after surgery. If the hip dislocates, a brace can help keep the hip in the correct position. If the hip keeps dislocating, surgery may be needed to stabilize it.
- Change in leg length. Surgeons take steps to avoid the problem, but occasionally a new hip makes one leg longer or shorter than the other. Sometimes this is caused by a contracture of muscles around the hip. In these cases, progressively strengthening and stretching those muscles might help. Small differences in leg length usually aren’t noticeable after a few months.
- Loosening. Although this complication is rare with newer implants, the new joint might not become solidly fixed to the bone or might loosen over time, causing pain in the hip. Surgery might be needed to fix the problem.
- Nerve damage. Rarely, nerves in the area where the implant is placed can be injured. Nerve damage can cause numbness, weakness and pain.
Before Hip Replacement
- Preparing Your Skin
- Medications
- Weight Loss
- Dental Evaluation
- Urinary Evaluation
During Hip Replacement
The surgical procedure can be completed within two hours. To perform a hip replacement, the surgeon:
- Makes an incision over the hip, through the layers of tissue
- Removes diseased and damaged bone and cartilage, leaving healthy bone intact
- Implants the replacement socket into the pelvic bone
- Inserts a metal stem into the top of the thighbone, which is then topped with a replacement ball
After Hip Replacement
After surgery, you’ll be moved to a recovery area for a few hours while your anesthesia wears off. Medical staff will monitor your blood pressure, pulse, alertness, pain or comfort level, and your need for medications.
You’ll be asked to breathe deeply, cough or blow into a device to help keep fluid out of your lungs. How long you stay after surgery depends on your individual needs. Many people can go home that same day.